Ghana
Economic Overview
Well endowed with natural resources, Ghana has roughly twice the per capita output of the poorest countries in West Africa. Even so, Ghana remains heavily dependent on international financial and technical assistance. Gold, timber, and cocoa production are major sources of foreign exchange. The domestic economy continues to revolve around subsistence agriculture, which accounts for 37% of GDP and employs 60% of the work force, mainly small landholders. Receipts from the gold sector helped sustain GDP growth in 2006 along with record high prices for Ghana's largest cocoa crop to date. Ghana received a Millennium Challenge Corporation (MCC) grant in 2006, which aims to assist in transforming Ghana's agricultural export sector.
GDP Growth rate: 6% (2006 est.)
GDP - composition by sector:
- Agriculture: 37.3%
- Industry: 25.3%
- Services: 37.5% (2006 est.)
Trade per capita (US$, 2003-2005): 400
Trade to GDP ratio (2003-2005): 95.7
Exports: $3.286 billion f.o.b. (2006 est.) | Imports: $5.666 billion f.o.b. (2006 est.) |
Exports - commodities: Gold, cocoa, timber, tuna, bauxite, aluminum, manganese ore, diamonds | Imports - commodities: Capital equipment, petroleum, foodstuffs |
Exports - partners: Netherlands 11.2%, UK 8.6%, US 6.7%, Spain 5.7%, Belgium 5.2%, France 4.4% (2006) | Imports - partners: Nigeria 16.4%, China 12.8%, UK 5.6%, Belgium 4.7%, US 4.6%, Brazil 4.3%, South Africa 4.1%, France 4% (2006) |
Share in world total merchandise exports: 0.02
Share in world total merchandise imports: 0.05
Share in world total commercial services exports: 0.04
Share in world total commercial services imports: 0.05
Indicators
HEALTH | EDUCATIONAL | ECONOMIC | POLITICAL
GENERAL INDICATORS | ||
| HDI Rank | 136 | |
| GDP (US $ Bill.) | 2004 | 8.9 |
| GDP (PPP US $ Bill.) | 2004 | 48.5 |
| GDP Per Capita (PPP US $) | 2004 | 2240 |
| GDI Rank | 101 | |
| GDI Value | 0.528 | |
| GEM Rank | .. | |
| GEM Value | .. | |
| Total Population (Mill.) | 1975 | 10.2 |
| 2004 | 21.7 | |
| 2015a | 26.6 | |
| Total Female Population (in '000) | 2006 | 11137 |
| Population living below $ 1 a day in Percentage | 1990-2004 | 44.8 |
| Population living below the national poverty line in Percentage | 1990-2003 | 39.5 |
| Total Fertility Rate (Births per Woman) | 1970-75 | 6.7 |
| 2000-05 | 4.4 | |
| Maternal Mortality Ratio (Adjusted per 100000 live births) | 2000 | 540 |
| Probability of Female Survival at birth to 65 yrs | 2000-05 | 52.9 |
| Probability of Male Survival at birth to 65 yrs | 2000-05 | 50.4 |
| Life Expectancy at Birth (years) | 2004 | 57 |
| Female Life Expectancy at Birth (Yrs) | 57.4 | |
| Male Life Expectancy at Birth (Yrs) | 56.5 | |
| Population without sustainable access to safe water in Percentage | 2004 | 25 |
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| Combined Gross Enrolment Ratio* in Percentage | 2004 | 47 |
| Combined Gross Enrolment Ratio (F) in Percentage | 44 | |
| Combined Gross Enrolment Ratio (M) in Percentage | 50 | |
| Female Legislators, Officials & Managers (% of Total) | .. | |
| Female Professionals & Technical Workers (% of Total) | .. | |
| Adult Literacy Rate (% ages 15 and older) | 2004 | 57.9 |
| Female Adult Literacy Rate ( % ages 15 and older) | 49.8 | |
| Female Adult Literacy Rate (as % of Male Rate) | 75 | |
| Female Youth Literacy Rate (% ages 15-24) | 65.5 | |
| Female Youth Literacy Rate (as % of Male Rate) | 86 | |
| Net Primary Enrolment Female Ratio (in %) | 58 | |
| Net Primary Enrolment Ratio of Female to Male | 1.01 | |
| Net Secondary Enrolement Female Ratio (in %) | 33 | |
| Net Secondary Enrolment Ratio of Female to Male | 0.86 | |
| Gross Tertiary Enrolment Female Ratio (in %) | 2 | |
| Gross Tertiary Enrolment Ratio Female to Male | 0.48 | |
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| Estimated Female Earned Income( PPP US$) | 1860 | |
| Estimated Male Earned Income (PPP US $) | 2611 | |
| Ratio of Female to Male Estimated Earned Income | 0.71 | |
| Female Economic Activity Rate (% ages 15 and older) | 70.5 | |
| Female Economic Activity ( index, 1990=100, ages 15 and older) | 92 | |
| Female Economic Activity ( as % of male rates, ages 15 and older) | 94 | |
| Female Employment Agriculture (%) | .. | |
| Male Employment Agriculture (%) | .. | |
| Female Employment Industry (%) | .. | |
| Male Employment Industry (%) | .. | |
| Female Employment Services (%) | .. | |
| Male Employment in Services (%) | .. | |
| Women Contributing Family Workers (%) | .. | |
| Men Contributing Family Workers (%) | .. | |
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| Seats in Parliament (Women as % of Total) | 10.9 | |
| Female Suffrage Granted (Year) | 1954 | |
| Elections Contesting Rights (Year) | 1954 | |
| Year of First Woman Elected | 1960 | |
| Women Ministers (as % of total) | 11.8 | |
| Seats held in Lower/Single House by Women (as % of Total) | 10.9 | |
| Seats held in Upper House/Senate by Women (as % of Total) | — | |
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Source : UNDP HDR 2006
Notes:
.. Data Not Available
a.Data refer to medium-variant projections.
* For Primary, Secondary and Tertiary Schools
